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Community Scholar Corner
October 26, 2020

Interview: Mussie Yemane

We chatted with Mussie Yemane, the first community scholar working alongside our team on the CIHR Alberta Meat Processing Plants.

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    1. Can you please tell me a little bit about yourself? Your background, when you arrived in Canada, anything about your family or current employment?


    My name is Mussie Yemane and I have been volunteering since I immigrated to Canada in the late 80s. I was the president of the Eritrean Community of Winnipeg in the 1990s and I was the president of the Eritrean Canadian Community Association of Calgary (ECCAC) from 2005 to 2016. I am an Economist by profession but currently, I am unemployed. Since March, I have been the volunteer lead for the ECCAC First Responders Committee of COVID-19. I was involved in this role through the community board and I have been central in providing support to the Eritrean Cargill and JBS meatpacking plant workers in Calgary and Brooks who have tested positive for COVID-19.


    2. Why did you agree to be a part of the team and what is your role on this team?


     I agreed to be part of the team because I am willing to be a partner/collaborator of this research study, as I understand the Eritrean workers’ experiences very well and will be able to provide the researchers with a much-needed voice in this research study. I believe I can also contribute to the study by acting as one of the community scholars, advising Dr. Fabreau’s team on study activities, and helping with study recruitment through my role as a community leader. 


    3. What makes this study so important and what do you hope the research team will learn when the study is completed?


    The study is important because the goal of the research is to prevent similar COVID-19 outbreaks in the future, especially as many experts expect a second wave of cases in the fall.

    The project will collect and share stories from Alberta meat processing plant employees and their families, along with frontline clinicians, to understand the outbreak and how it affected workers and their families. Hopefully, the research team will learn about the significant barriers to access health care and support services that newcomers and Temporary foreign workers face in Canada.

     

    4. What impacts has COVID-19 had on you personally? What type of impact do you think it has had on other newcomers?


    Personally, COVID-19 has not impacted me so far. Since I don’t know much about TFW’s I can only speak about new immigrants. For new immigrants, what I have seen working with the COVID-19 infected Cargill employees is that the [employees] were socially, psychologically, and financially impacted. Most of them have experienced significant barriers to accessing health care and support services in Canada mainly due to language barriers.


    5. What advice would you give to Newcomers or Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW) who are settling into a new life in Alberta amidst a global pandemic?


    I would advise them to follow public health guidance and play a role in reducing the risk of transmission of COVID-19. Among others, I will advise them to do the followings:

    • Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand rub kills viruses that may be on your hands.
    • Maintain at least 2 meters (6 feet) distance between yourself and others. 
    • Avoid going to crowded places. 
    • Wear a fabric mask if there is widespread community transmission, and especially where physical distancing cannot be maintained. 
    • Avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth. 
    • Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. 
    • Stay home and self-isolate even with minor symptoms such as cough, headache, mild fever, until you recover.
    • If you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention, but call by telephone in advance if possible and follow the directions of your local health authority. 
    • Keep up to date on the latest information from trusted sources, such as WHO or your local and national health authorities. 

    6. What can community members and advocates do to assist Newcomers and TFWs to a new life in Canada? 


    While coming to Canada means finding a safe haven for refugees, these particular newcomers still face monumental tasks with respect to starting over and wrapping their heads around a new way of life — all while processing recent trauma. Any caring, more established Canadian or Permanent resident can play a vital role in making that new start smoother by supporting refugees at many points as they get settled. I have had the experience of participating in so many sponsorship groups, which fundraised to provide for Eritrean families resettle in Winnipeg and Calgary. Sharing in the family's journey and belonging to such a hard-working and compassionate group was life-changing. And there are many other ways to make a difference. Whether you want to raise funds or give your time and skills, this is how you can show allyship to refugees coming to Canada. Among others, you can show new Canadians the ropes, become a citizenship test study buddy, help with conversational English, help with employment search, etc.


October 26, 2020
Worldwide, Covid-19 outbreaks in meat packing facilities have made headlines. From Germany, the United States, Brazil, and right here in Canada, meat packing plants have quickly become a new “hot spot” for Covid-19. At least 10 countries worldwide have reported Covid-19 outbreaks in meat packing facilities, making this an issue of global public health concern 1, 2, 3, 4 . Meat packing facilities, also commonly referred to as meat processing plants, slaughterhouses, or abattoirs, provide an essential service in ensuring consumers have access to necessary meat products. Furthermore, these facilities often provide meat products for large scale commercial use, requiring several people to ensure the plants operate smoothly. As such, meat processing plants also provide a source of employment for the communities in which they are located. From a global perspective, outbreaks in meat plants were not isolated to one geographic area. In Europe, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Ireland, and Belgium are all among countries that reported outbreaks of Covid-19 within meat processing plants 1 . Notably, the largest meat packing plant in Germany had over 1500 positive cases as of June 2020 1,2,4 . A scientific investigation into this Covid-19 outbreak suggested that environmental factors within the facility, including cooler temperatures and reduced airflow, contributed to the spread of disease 4 . In South America, Brazil was the hardest hit, with media reports of 4957 cases reported from 13 facilities in one state alone . Similarly, North American meat processing plants also reported outbreaks. In July 2020, the Centre for Disease Control in the United States reported a total of 16 233 cases of Covid-19 and 86 deaths among the 525 000 employees of 3500 meat processing facilities in the country 3 . In Canada, clusters of Covid-19 associated with employees of meat packing plants were identified in Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta 6, 7 . Specifically, an outbreak at a meat processing facility in Alberta resulted in at least 1550 positive Covid-19 cases, becoming the centre of Canada’s largest outbreak from a single source. While these instances occurred in vastly different regions, the outcome was the same: outbreaks of Covid-19 have been associated with meat processing facilities. While it is unclear exactly what is causing these outbreaks, what is clear is who is being affected: the workers. Interestingly, a pattern that persists across geographical lines is the population of those who are employed in these facilities. Employees in meat processing facilities disproportionately belong to migrant and refugee communities (collectively: newcomers) 1 . Given that this population already faces unique health challenges, marginalization, and discrimination, compounded by emerging evidence that racialized communities face a higher burden of Covid-19 3 , the need to understand how these outbreaks occur has never been greater. Though speculation and informed guesses have been made, several questions remain surrounding what caused these outbreaks in the first place. Some reports have cited crowded living conditions and lack of health literacy as factors contributing to Covid-19 outbreaks among meat processing plant employees 1 . Other reports have highlighted environmental conditions within such facilities which promote the transmission of Covid-19 among workers 4 . Still, other proposed causes of these outbreaks include miscommunication, language barriers, and lack of preventative measures in the workplace, such as PPE 3 . In light of these unknown factors and the urgency to understand this issue, Refugee Health YYC is leading the first scientific investigation of Covid-19 meat plant outbreaks in Canada. Now, more than ever, it is necessary to conduct a rigorous and scientific investigation to explore the factors contributing to this global trend. Focusing on the outbreaks in three Alberta meat packing plants, the RHYYC study aims to understand: Why it Spread? How did it impact those affected? What was the response? The findings from this study have implications at the level of local, national, and global health systems. Understanding these outbreaks will help to inform sustainable economic recovery, as well as promote health equity for newcomer communities. This information will also help to determine effective measures to prevent future outbreaks of Covid-19 in meat packing plants. Many Canadians watched and cheered as essential workers were applauded for their service at the beginning of quarantine, some six months ago. However, a perhaps overlooked segment of the essential service workforce were the employees in the meat packing industry who continued to supply our tables and grocery stores with food. Ultimately, this research will help to ensure that all essential workers, including our newest Canadians and their families, can enjoy the right to live, work, and play in safe healthy environments. https://effat.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/EFFAT-Report-Covid-19-outbreaks-in-slaughterhouses-and-meat-packing-plants-State-of-affairs-and-proposals-for-policy-action-at-EU-level-30.06.2020.pdf https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53177628 Waltenburg MA, Victoroff T, Rose CE, et al. Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities ― United States, April–May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:887-892. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6927e2 Guenther, T., Czech-Sioli, M., Indenbirken, D., Robitailles, A., Tenhaken, P., Exner, M., … Brinkmann, M. (2020). Investigation of a superspreading event preceding the largest meat processing plant-related SARS-Coronavirus 2 outbreak in Germany. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3654517 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jul/15/brazil-meat-plants-linked-to-spread-of-covid-19 https://www.ohscanada.com/covid-cases-among-manitoba-meat-plant-staff-no-closure-planned/ https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/topics/Page17115.aspx
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